Santal Arts and Culture
| Santal Calendar
|
| Division |
| Instruments |
| Song |
| Dance |
| Ornaments |
| Santal Calendar
| Traditional Month |
English Calendar Month |
Day of the Traditional Month |
Name of the Festival |
| Magh
(magH) |
|
3rd Day of New Moon (magH
mulug pe mahaN) |
Mage Sim (mage
sim) |
|
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| |
|
5th Day of New Moon (bale
mulug moNMe mahaN) |
Bidu Chandan Bonga (biDu
canDan opel mahaN) |
| |
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| Fagun (pHa.gun) |
Feb-March |
4th Day of New Moon (phagun
ca:NDo bale mulug pun mahaN) |
Baha Um (baha
um) |
| |
|
5th day of New Moon |
Baha Sardi (baha
sa.rDi) |
| |
|
6th Day of New Moon |
Baha Baske (baha
baske) |
| |
|
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|
| Baisakh (ba.ysa.kH) |
|
Full moon of Baisakh (ba.ysa.kH
kuna.mi) |
Mag-mone (mag
moMe) |
| |
|
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|
| Asarh (asaz) |
June-July |
|
Erog-Sim (erog
sim) |
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| Aswin (sohray) |
|
First Day of the New Moon (Bale
mulug puylu mahaN) |
Sohrai (sohray) |
| |
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| Pausa (pus) |
Dec-Jan |
Last day of the month of Pausa |
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| Division
|
Class
|
Sub-
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|
pa.ris
|
class
|
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Murmu
|
Jat
|
Champa
|
Chhapra
|
Chandana
|
Champa baha
|
Baso baha
|
|
murmu
|
ja.T
|
campa
|
cHapra
|
conDna
|
campa
baha
|
baso
baha
|
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Khedwar
|
Bital
|
Sada
|
Kedwar
|
Samag
|
Ariyal
|
|
|
Khedwar
|
Bitol
|
saDa
|
Kedwar
|
Samag
|
a.rya.z
|
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Handi
|
Obor
|
Tika
|
Hat
|
Garh
|
Adwa
|
|
|
ha.:Ndi
|
obor
|
tika.
|
hat
|
gaz
|
aDwa
|
|
Hansdah
|
Jat
|
Sikli
|
Kona
|
Tati jhari
|
Handi
|
kana
|
|
haNsDag
|
ja.T
|
sikzi
|
koMa
|
ta.ti
jHa.ri
|
ha.Ndi
|
KaMa
|
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Chil Bindha
|
Sindur
|
Sirom
|
Bin Chatam
|
Singal
|
Sada
|
|
|
cil
binDHa.
|
sinDur
|
sirom
|
bin
caTom
|
Sifga.z
|
saDa
|
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|
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|
Marndi
|
Jat
|
Sada
|
Rut
|
Rod
|
Gada
|
Kisan
|
|
ma.rndi
|
ja.T
|
SaDa
|
RuT
|
RoD
|
gada
|
kisa.M
|
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Hesel
|
Sona
|
Miru Baha
|
Kelwar
|
Mare
|
Tika
|
|
|
hesel
|
Sona
|
Miru
Baha
|
keZwar
|
mare
|
tika.
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|
Khanda jagaw
|
Lubug
|
Jugi
|
Mera Chakha
|
Badoliya
|
Tarab
|
|
|
Khanda
jagaw
|
lubug
|
jugi
|
mera
cakHa
|
baDoliya.
|
Tarob
|
|
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Handi
|
Sadom
|
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|
ha.Ndi
|
saDom
|
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Soren
|
Jat
|
Suj
|
Sada
|
Jugi
|
Barsi
|
Barchhi
|
|
soren
|
ja.T
|
Suj
|
saDa
|
jugi
|
ba.rsi
|
ba.rcHi
|
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|
Bital
|
Mal
|
Marh
|
Sidub
|
Binda sidub
|
Mundu
|
|
|
bitol
|
mal
|
maz
|
siDub
|
binda.
siDub
|
mundu
|
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|
Turuku lumang
|
Handi
|
Sipahi
|
Kada
|
Meral jo
|
|
|
|
Turuku
luma.f
|
ha.Ndi
|
sipa.hi
|
kada
|
meral
jo
|
|
|
Hembram
|
Jat
|
Hotril
|
Sada
|
Guwa
|
Basiya
|
Gidi
|
|
hembrom
|
ja.T
|
hOTril
|
saDa
|
guwa.
|
Ba.siya.
|
giDi
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Hulu
|
Helem
|
Laher
|
Bale
|
Liwid
|
Jugi
|
|
|
huZu
|
heZem
|
laher
|
bale
|
liwiD
|
jugi
|
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Tawa
|
Sona
|
Sadar
|
Handi
|
Hari
|
Geyad
|
|
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Towa
|
sona
|
soDor
|
ha.Ndi
|
ha.ri
|
GeyaD
|
|
Tudu
|
Tug Tukur
|
Sada Lugli
|
Jat
|
Sange
|
Lad
|
Kalga
|
|
tudu
|
tug
tukur
|
saDa
lugzi
|
ja.T
|
safge
|
laD
|
kolga
|
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Raska
|
Chigi
|
Buru
|
Angariya
|
Jugi
|
Ag
|
|
|
ra.ska.
|
Cigi
|
buru
|
afgariya.
|
jugi
|
ag
|
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Lukuy
|
Andela
|
Handi
|
Barchhi
|
Besayay
|
Kaotiya
|
|
|
lukuy
|
aNDela
|
ha.Ndi
|
ba.rcHi
|
besayay
|
kawTiya.
|
|
|
Kada
|
Tika
|
Murum Enga
|
Singar
|
Sonari
|
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|
|
kada
|
tika.
|
murum
efga
|
sifGa.Z
|
sonari
|
|
|
Kisku
|
Kikir
|
Jat
|
Sada
|
Tuluk
|
Bin Chatam
|
Samanom
|
|
kisku
|
kikir
|
ja.T
|
saDa
|
Tuzuk
|
bin
caTom
|
samanom
|
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|
Hurul
|
Kala
|
Kisan
|
Bital
|
Bonga Chatam
|
Kiya
|
|
|
huruz
|
kaZa
|
kisa.M
|
bitol
|
bofga
caTom
|
kiya.
|
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Sadam
|
Rapaj
|
Murum Enga
|
Sona
|
Handi
|
|
|
|
saDom
|
rapaJx
|
murum efga
|
sona
|
ha.Ndi
|
|
|
Baske
|
Jat
|
Sada
|
Majhi Khili
|
Setag
|
Naiki khili
|
Ayub
|
|
baske
|
ja.T
|
saDa
|
ma.jHi kCili
|
seTag
|
nayki kHili
|
ayub
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Bhindal
|
Laher
|
Barchhi
|
Jugi
|
Mare
|
Sona
|
|
|
bHinDa.z
|
laher
|
ba.rcHi
|
jugi
|
mare
|
sona
|
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Tuluku
|
Singal
|
Gidi
|
Hola
|
Kala
|
Gola
|
|
|
Tuzuku
|
sifga.z
|
giDi
|
hola
|
kaZa
|
goza
|
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Tika
|
Majan
|
Tikin
|
Alag
|
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tika.
|
manan
|
Tikin
|
ozag
|
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|
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Besra
|
Jat
|
Sada
|
Chatam
|
Sona
|
Bonga
|
Tika
|
|
besra
|
ja.T
|
saDa
|
caTom
|
sona
|
bofga
|
tika.
|
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Bayar
|
Bhindal
|
Kala
|
Kahu
|
Sange
|
Gidi
|
|
|
bayar
|
bHinDa.z
|
kaza
|
ka.hu
|
safge
|
giDi
|
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Handi
|
Jugi
|
Singal
|
Bonga Chatam
|
Charej
|
Tana
|
|
|
ha.Ndi
|
jugi
|
sifga.z
|
bofga caTom
|
cerej
|
taMa
|
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|
Gola
|
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|
goza
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|
Chane
*
|
Sada
|
Majhi khili
|
Naiki khili
|
Kala
|
Sona
|
Handi
|
|
coMe
|
saDa
|
ma.jHi
kHili
|
na.yki
kHili
|
kaza
|
sona
|
ha.Ndi
|
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Tika
|
Bital
|
Hante
|
Chandna
|
Gidi
|
Murum Enga
|
|
|
tika.
|
bitol
|
haNTe
|
conDna
|
giDi
|
murum
efga
|
|
Gondwar
**
|
Sada
|
Majhi Khili
|
Naiki khili
|
Sidub
|
Sona
|
Rag Lutur
|
|
gondwar
|
saDa
|
ma.jHi
kHili
|
na.yki
kHili
|
siDub
|
sona
|
rog
luTur
|
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|
Gidi
|
Tuluku
|
Tika
|
Kala
|
Jat
|
Tuluku
|
|
|
giDi
|
Tuzuku
|
tika.
|
kaZa
|
ja.T
|
Tuzuku
|
|
|
Chandna
|
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|
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|
conDna
|
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Pauriya ***
|
Jat
|
Majhi khili
|
Naiki Khili
|
Sada
|
Jugi
|
Bital
|
|
pa.wriya.
|
Ja.T
|
ma.jHi
kHili
|
ba.yki
kHili
|
saDa
|
jugi
|
bitol
|
|
|
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Chandu
|
Kelwar
|
Rag lutur
|
Handi
|
obor
|
Tuluku
|
|
|
ca.Ndu
|
kezwar
|
rog
luTur
|
ha.Ndi
|
obor
|
Tuzuku
|
|
Dondka ****
|
No information
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dondka
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* Chane merged with Soren,
** Gondwar merged with Hansdah, *** Pauriya no information, **** Dondka
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merged with everybody
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N.B. : This may not be
a complete list. We will be thankful for providing us more information,
if any.
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Top
| Instruments
TAMAK
(Drum)(tamak)::
The structrue of the drum (like hollow half globe but tappering downwards)
is made of iron plates. The upper side is covered with raw hide of bufallo.
Ropes made of raw hide or plastic is used for applying tension for stretching
the raw hide. Tamaks are made in different sizes as per requirement. Some can
only be lifted with two persons and some are carried in bullock cart. The bigger
ones are used during Sendra or mass hunting. Small and medium sizes are drummed
by a person with two drum sticks for dances like lagne, dong, baha, dahar and
all other forms of dances.
TUMDAH
(Tum
Dag): The structure of this instrument is made of burnt clay.
It is cylindrical in shape with left side being wider than right. This hollow
shape is tappered from left to right decreasingly. Bullock skin is used for
covering the left side and the goat skin is used for covering the right side.
Single instrument s is played by one man. This instrument is used at all social
events except during the death rituals.
KARTAL(korTal):
This is made of brass and is used an accompanying instruments.
SAKWA(SAKWA):
It is a trumpet made of bufallo's horn or antelopes horn. This is used exclusively
during the baha & mag mane (both religious festival) and at Sendra Bir
(mass hunting).
BANAM(BAnam):
Banam can either be made from a solid wooden block or can be prepared by joining
differnet parts. Banam made of wooden is broader at one end and narrower at
the other end. The narrower side is used as handle. Threads made of long hairs
of horse is used to join both the ends. The broader end is made hollow and
covered with thin leather. A stick is tied with the horse hair thread to make
a small bow and is held in right hand. The wooden part is held in left side
and it is played with the string held in right hand. Salga gum is pasted at
the side of the wooden part which is applied to the theads of horse hair for
generating necessary friction. Coconut shell is also used as substitute to
the wooden block. This can accompany any song.
TRIYO
(Triyo):
This is made of a narrow hollow bamboo. Its best size ranges from four hundred
fifty to six hundred fifty mm in length and twenty to twenty five mm in diameter.
Both or one side may be open. A Triya has five circular holes on the surface
one being for air blowing purpose and the other four (closely situated) for
controlling the flow of air for different notes.
BUANG (BUWA.F):
A shell of gourd is tied in a 6-8 feet bamboo. Both the ends of the bamboo are
fitted with two sticks. Both the ends are joined with a rope through these attachments.
This instrument is exclusively used during the Dasain (DasaNy)
dance in the month of Dasain (Ashwin - Bhadrab).
Chal
Chuli (coz
cuzi)::
Dhak
(dHak):
Ghanti (gHa.nti):to
be included
Top
| Song
Lyrics:
Dong
|
Dof
|
Lagne
|
lagMe
|
Baha
|
baha
|
Sohrai
|
sohray
|
Bir
|
bir
|
Ulasi
|
ula.si
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Top
| Dance
|
Dong
|
Dof
|
|
|
Lagne
|
lagMe
|
|
|
Pata
|
paTa
|
|
|
Rinjha
|
rinjHa.
|
|
|
Dongel
|
Dofgez
|
|
|
Baha
|
baha
|
|
|
Sohrai
|
sohray
|
|
|
Dasain
|
DasaNy
|
|
|
Drama
|
drama
|
|
|
Danta
|
danta
|
|
|
|
dahar
|
|
|
Jhika
|
jHika.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ornaments(SILVER)
|
PAN KANTA (PAn
kanta)
| |
TAKA MALA (taka
mala) - Necklace
|
|
|
|
|
BAJU (BA.JU)-
Anklets
|
|
Danda Jhinjir (daNda
jHinjir) Waistlace
|
| |
|
|
|
SINTHI (SInTHi)
|
PETRA (PEtra)
Bracelet
CHUR (CUR)
Bracelet
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